什么是肾癌

肾癌(肾细胞癌)

什么是肾癌?

Kidney cancer is a disease that begins in the kidneys. It occurs when healthy cells in one or both kidneys grow out of control and form a lump (called a tumor). Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults.

肾癌有多常见?

Each year an estimated 75,000 patients are found with a kidney tumor. Approximately 65,000 of these are ultimately found to be renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer).

最常见的类型是透明细胞癌. Renal cell cancer is not one disease but rather a collection of 15-20 types of renal tumors that can arise from the kidney. Kidney cancer is among the 10 most common cancers in both men and women, and the risk for developing kidney cancer is higher in men than in women. 更多的 information about kidney cancer risk factors >

了解肾脏

肾脏是两个豆状器官. Each is about the size of a bar of soap or your fist. They are located towards the middle to lower part of the back, 脊椎两侧各有一个肾. The kidneys’ main function is to filter blood and produce urine which eliminates both excess fluids, 电解质, 以及体内的酸/碱. 通过与身体的其他部分协调工作, the kidney maintains a comfortable balance or steady internal state (homeostasis) for the entire body. While some patients may live comfortably with only one kidney, maintaining excellent kidney function helps prevent excess stress on the body. 有时在肾脏, tumors can arise from the tubules responsible for urine production leading to renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer). 

What are the types of kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma)?

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all malignant kidney tumors. 在碾压混凝土, cancerous (malignant) cells develop in the lining of the kidney tubules and grow into a mass called a tumor. Like many other cancers, the growth begins small and grows larger over time. 碾压混凝土通常以单个肿块生长. 然而, there are cases where a kidney may contain more than one tumor, or tumors are found in both kidneys at the same time.

肾细胞癌(RCC)亚型

There are over a dozen sub-types of renal cell carcinoma that are identified by examining the tumor under a microscope. 最常见的类型是:

• Clear Cell - approximately 75% of individual cells appear very pale or clear under the microscope.
• Papillary – approximately 10% to 15% of people have this form. These cancers form little finger-like projections (called papillae). 乳头状肿瘤有两种类型.
• 恐色症——大约5%的病例. These cells are larger and have prominent cell borders and can appear pink or clear.
• Clear cell papillary – approximately 2-4% of all cases. A new subtype with features of both papillary and clear subtypes. 这些通常不那么激进.
• 收集管，约占所有病例的1%. Aggressive type arising from the collecting system that forms irregular tubules.
• 髓质-约1%的病例. A very aggressive type often occurring in young African Americans with sickle trait.
• Unclassified – approximately 2-3% of tumors that do not fit into any other category.

Other 癌症的种类ous Kidney Tumors (Non-Renal Cell)

Less common types of cancerous tumors in the kidney include:

• Urothelial Carcinoma: arise from the renal pelvis and resemble bladder cancer cells. These are genetically similar to urothelial cancer of the bladder and have similar risk factors such as cigarette smoking and occupational exposures to certain cancer-causing chemicals.
• Wilms Tumor: a rare pediatric malignancy in children 2-5.
• Renal Sarcoma: a rare type of kidney cancer (< 1%) arising from the connective tissue.
• 良性(非癌性)肾肿瘤 

Some types of kidney tumors are benign meaning they do not have the ability to spread (metastasize). 这些问题往往被不必要地处理. The UCLA 肾癌 Program is committed to identification and observation of these tumors:

• Renal Adenoma: small, slow growing, benign tumors < 1 cm.
• Oncocytoma: a renal tumor that can grow large but not spread. 从活检上看，它很像肾癌. The UCLA 肾癌 Program has molecular imaging modalities to identify these types of tumors non-invasively.
• Angiomyolipoma: a benign tumor containing fat, vessels, and muscle. When large they can bleed so treatment is advised when >4 cm.